PubMed Enhanced Search MCP Server

A Model Content Protocol server that provides enhanced tools to search and retrieve academic papers from PubMed database, with additional features such as MeSH term lookup, publication count statistics, and PICO-based evidence search.

Features

Search PubMed by keywords with optional journal filter
Support for sorting results by relevance or date (newest/oldest first)
Get MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms related to a search word
Get publication counts for multiple search terms (useful for comparing prevalence)
Retrieve detailed paper information including abstract, DOI, authors, and keywords
Perform structured PICO-based searches with support for synonyms and combination queries

Installing

Prerequisites

Python 3.6+
pip

Installation

Clone this repository:

git clone https://github.com/leescot/pubmed-mcp-smithery
cd pubmed-mcp-smithery

Install dependencies:
```
pip install fastmcp requests
```

Usage

Running locally

Start the server:

python pubmed_enhanced_mcp_server.py

For development mode with auto-reloading:

mcp dev pubmed_enhanced_mcp_server.py

Adding to Claude Desktop

Edit your Claude Desktop configuration file (CLAUDE_DIRECTORY/claude_desktop_config.json) to add the server:

"pubmed-enhanced": {
    "command": "python",
    "args": [
        "/path/pubmed-mcp-smithery/pubmed_enhanced_mcp_server.py"
    ]
}

MCP Functions

The server provides these main functions:

search_pubmed - Search PubMed for articles matching keywords with optional journal filtering

# Example
results = await search_pubmed(
    keywords=["diabetes", "insulin resistance"],
    journal="Nature Medicine",
    num_results=5,
    sort_by="date_desc"
)

get_mesh_terms - Look up MeSH terms related to a medical concept
```
# Example
mesh_terms = await get_mesh_terms("diabetes")
```

get_pubmed_count - Get the count of publications for multiple search terms

# Example
counts = await get_pubmed_count(["diabetes", "obesity", "hypertension"])

format_paper_details - Get detailed information about specific papers by PMID

# Example
paper_details = await format_paper_details(["12345678", "87654321"])

pico_search - Perform structured PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) searches with synonyms

# Example
pico_results = await pico_search(
    p_terms=["diabetes", "type 2 diabetes", "T2DM"],
    i_terms=["metformin", "glucophage"],
    c_terms=["sulfonylurea", "glipizide"],
    o_terms=["HbA1c reduction", "glycemic control"]
)

PICO Search Functionality

The PICO search tool helps researchers conduct evidence-based literature searches by:

Allowing multiple synonym terms for each PICO element
Combining terms within each element using OR operators
Performing AND combinations between elements (P AND I, P AND I AND C, etc.)
Returning both search queries and publication counts for each combination

This approach helps refine research questions and identify the most relevant literature.

Rate Limiting

The server implements automatic retry mechanism with backoff delays to handle potential rate limiting by NCBI's E-utilities service.

License

This project is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License - see the LICENSE file for details.